1998 Indian general election

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General elections were held in India on 16, 22 and 28 February 1998 to elect the members of the twelfth Lok Sabha. The elections were held three years ahead of schedule after the government led by Inder Kumar Gujral collapsed when the Indian National Congress (INC) withdrew its support in November 1997.^[1]

The result was another hung parliament, with no party or alliance able to muster a majority. However, Atal Bihari Vajpayee of the Bharatiya Janata Party was able to form a coalition government led by the National Democratic Alliance with the outside support of the Telugu Desam Party. He was sworn in as Prime Minister with support from 272 of 543 MPs. However, his government collapsed on 17 April 1999 when the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam withdrew its support, after Vajpayee refused to meet the demands of its leader J. Jayalalithaa, namely halting the corruption cases against her and the sacking of the Tamil Nadu government led by her bete-noire M. Karunanidhi.^[2] This led to fresh elections in 1999.^[3]

The elections were the second consecutive general elections in which the party that received the most votes did not win the most seats.

Results

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By state and alliance

State (# of seats)	Alliance/party				Seats contested	Seats won	Vote %
Andhra Pradesh (42)	Alliance/party				Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	42	22	42.79
	rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Party color" \|	Third Front	Template:Party color cell	Telugu Desam Party	35	12	32
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party Of India (CPI)	3	2	2.6
	Template:Party color cell		Janata Dal	1	1	0.9
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)	3	0	2.9
	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	38	4	18.3
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)	3	0	1.2
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen	1	1	1.5
Arunachal Pradesh (2)	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Arunachal Congress	2	2	52.5
	rowspan="1" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	2	0	23.9
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	2	0	21.7
Assam (14)	rowspan="1" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	13	10	39.0
	rowspan="1" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	14	1	24.5
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Asom Gana Parishad	10	0	12.7
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Autonomous State Demand Committee	1	1	2.2
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	United Minorities Front, Assam	3	1	10.46
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Independent	45	1	9.5
Bihar (54)	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	32	20	24
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Samata Party	21	10	15.77
	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Rashtriya Janata Dal	38	17	26.6
	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Indian National Congress	11	5	6.3
	rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Party color" \|	Third Front	Template:Party color cell	Janata Dal	28	1	7.3
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party of India (CPI)	15	0	3.4
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)	4	0	0.4
	Template:Party color cell		All India Forward Bloc (AIFB)	1	0	0
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	All India Rashtriya Janata Party	3	1	0.9
Goa (2)	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	2	2	31.6
Goa (2)	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	2	0	30
Gujarat (26)	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	26	19	48.3
Gujarat (26)	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	26	7	38
Haryana (10)	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Haryana Lok Dal (Rashtriya)	7	4	25.9
	rowspan="1" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	10	3	26.0
	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Haryana Vikas Party	4	1	11.6
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	6	1	18.9
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Bahujan Samaj Party	3	1	7.7
Himachal Pradesh (4)	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	4	3	51.4
	rowspan="1" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	4	1	41.9
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Himachal Vikas Congress	4	0	3.6
Jammu & Kashmir (6)	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Jammu & Kashmir National Conference	6	3	36.4
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	6	2	28.6
	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	6	1	19.2
Karnataka (28)	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	18	13	26.9
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Lok Shakti	10	3	11.5
	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	28	9	36.2
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Janata Dal	28	3	21.7
Kerala (20)	rowspan="3" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	17	8	38.7
	Template:Party color cell		Kerala Congress	1	1	2.4
	Template:Party color cell		Muslim League Kerala State Committee	2	2	5
	rowspan="5" bgcolor="Template:Party color" \|	Third Front	Template:Party color cell	Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)	9	6	21
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party of India (CPI)	4	2	8.3
	Template:Party color cell		Revolutionary Socialist Party	1	1	2.7
	Template:Party color cell		Kerala Congress	1	1	2.2
	Template:Party color cell		Janata Dal	2	0	3.9
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	20	0	8
Madhya Pradesh (40)	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	40	30	45.7
	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	40	10	39.4
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Bahujan Samaj Party	35	0	8.7
Maharashtra (48)	rowspan="3" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	41	33	43.6
	Template:Party color cell		Republican Party of India	4	4	4.1
	Template:Party color cell		Samajwadi Party	2	0	1.5
	rowspan="3" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Shiv Sena	22	6	19.7
	Template:Party color cell		Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	25	4	22.5
	Template:Party color cell		Independent	1	0	1.1
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Peasants And Workers Party of India	2	1	0.9
Manipur (2)	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Communist Party Of India (CPI)	2	1	20.5
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Manipur State Congress Party	2	1	25.4
	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	1	0	12.6
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Lok Shakti	1	0	0.2
Orissa (21)	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Biju Janata Dal	12	9	27.5
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	9	7	21.2
	rowspan="1" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	21	5	41
Punjab (13)
	rowspan="4" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Shiromani Akali Dal	8	8	32.9
	Template:Party color cell		Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	3	3	11.7
	Template:Party color cell		Janata Dal	1	1	4.2
	Template:Party color cell		Independent	1	1	3.8
	rowspan="3" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	8	0	25.8
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party of India (CPI)	1	0	3.4
	Template:Party color cell		Bahujan Samaj Party	4	0	12.6
Rajasthan (25)	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	25	18	44.5
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	25	5	41.7
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	All India Indira Congress (Secular)	9	1	1.9
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Independent	50	1	3.8
Tamil Nadu (39)
	rowspan="6" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	22	18	25.9
	Template:Party color cell		Pattali Makkal Katchi	5	4	6
	Template:Party color cell		Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	5	3	6.9
	Template:Party color cell		Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	5	3	6.3
	Template:Party color cell		Janata Party	1	1	1.5
	Template:Party color cell		Independent	1	1	3.62
	rowspan="3" Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	35	0	4.8
	Template:Party color cell		MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	3	0	1.1
	Template:Party color cell		United Communist Party Of India	1	0	0
	rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Party color" \|	Third Front	Template:Party color cell	Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	16	4	18.5
	Template:Party color cell		Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)	19	3	19.2
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party Of India (CPI)	2	1	2.5
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)	2	0	0.6
Uttar Pradesh (85)
	rowspan="3" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	82	57	36.5
	Template:Party color cell		Samata Party	2	2	0.8
	Template:Party color cell		Shiv Sena	1	0	0.1
	Template:Party color cell	Congress+	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress	76	0	6
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Bahujan Samaj Party	85	4	20.9
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Samajwadi Party	81	20	28.7
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)	1	1	0.5
	-	-	Template:Party color cell	Independent	491	1	2.8
West Bengal (42)
	rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Party color" \|	Third Front	Template:Party color cell	Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM)	32	24	35.4
	Template:Party color cell		Communist Party Of India (CPI)	3	3	3.6
	Template:Party color cell		Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)	4	4	4.5
	Template:Party color cell		All India Forward Bloc (AIFB)	3	2	3.3
	rowspan="2" Template:Party color cell	NDA	Template:Party color cell	All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)	28	7	24.1
	Template:Party color cell	NDA	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)	14	2	10.2
	Template:Party color cell	UPA	Template:Party color cell	Indian National Congress (INC)	39	1	15.2

Support for the New Government


Political Party		Seats	Alliance
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Bharatiya Janata Party	182	National Democratic Alliance
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	18
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Samata Party	12
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Biju Janata Dal	9
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Shiromani Akali Dal	8
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	All India Trinamool Congress	7
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Shiv Sena	6
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Pattali Makkal Katchi	4
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Lok Shakti	3
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	3
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Janata Dal (out of 6 M.Ps)	2
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Arunachal Congress	2
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Janata Party	1
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Haryana Vikas Party	1
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Sikkim Democratic Front	1
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Tamizhaga Rajiv Congress (As Independent)	1
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Manipur State Congress Party	1
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Bahujan Samaj Morcha (As Independent)	1
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Independent	2
style="background-color:Template:Party color" \|	Telugu Desam Party	12	outside support
Total		276

Notes

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References

↑ Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate. The Washington Post(29 November 1997). Retrieved 22 March 2019.
↑ BJP's one-vote defeat in 1999 was narrowest in history. The Times of India. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
↑ The 1999 No-Trust Motion That Former PM Vajpayee Lost by One Vote. The Quint(20 July 2018). Retrieved 22 March 2019.

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[1] Government Falls, Indian Premier Quits; Coalition Splits Amid Gandhi Assassination Debate. The Washington Post(29 November 1997). Retrieved 22 March 2019.

[2] BJP's one-vote defeat in 1999 was narrowest in history. The Times of India. Retrieved 22 March 2019.

[3] The 1999 No-Trust Motion That Former PM Vajpayee Lost by One Vote. The Quint(20 July 2018). Retrieved 22 March 2019.

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